Cancer is a cell disease occurs due to the abnormal growth of cells. It means the uncontrolled cell division and the capacity of these cells to attack other tissues. It is also known as malignancy, which is a cancer tumor.

Cancer symptoms that may occur in specific types of cancers are persistent pain in bones, nausea, unusual bleeding, swelling in the breast, changed bladder habits, continual gruffness, swallowing problems and many others.

Each type of cancer has its own symptoms. If a person is suffering from bladder and kidney cancer, its main symptoms are frequent urination, blood in urine and pain while urinating. The main symptoms of breast cancer are swelling, burning or pain, reddishness and problems in nipples.

The symptoms of endometrial and cervical and uterine cancer are same. The major symptoms include: unusual discharge, heavy and painful menstrual periods. The person suffering from colon cancer has the following symptoms: stool with blood, change bowel habits, unrelenting diarrhea and constipation. The main symptoms of leukemia are decreasing weight, tiredness, recurring infections, nose bleeding and pain in bones and joints.

The symptoms of lung cancer are heaviness or chest pain, continual cough and blood in sputum. The symptoms of mouth and throat cancer includes ulcer in tongue or throat, which is not curable.

Prostate cancer weakens the flow of urine; the patient feels continuos pain in pelvis and upper thighs. Tumors below skin that never heals, skin moles are main causes of skin cancer. A person suffering from stomach cancer has the following symptoms: continuous fall in body weight, blood while vomiting and pain after eating.

The main causes of cancer are lack of fats and digestive enzymes, presence of poisons in food, air and water, too much intake of drugs, deficiency of minerals, vitamins specially vitamin C and B6, hormonal disparity, pathogens affecting the immune system.

Bone cancer is rare and accounts for less than 1% of all new tumors. Not all bone tumors are fatal in fact benign (non cancerous) abnormalities are more common than malignant ones. Most are secondary and have been spread from another site. Primary bone cancer which starts in the bone is quite rare constituting less than one per cent of all malignant tumors. They are more common in males, especially in children and adolescents. The most common type of primary cancer is osteosarcoma. This type of carcinoma usually affects young adults. It can affect any bone, but the arms, legs and pelvis are more commonly affected. Other less common forms of primary bone cancer include Ewing sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and chondrosarcoma.

Primary Bone Cancer
The causes of primary bone tumours are not known; however, adults who have Pagets disease (a bone disease) may have an increased risk.

Secondary bone cancer
Secondary bone cancer is the most common bone cancer. It is a carcinoma that starts somewhere else in the body and spreads (metastasises) to the bone. The most common cancers that spread to the bone originate in the breast, prostate, lung, kidney and thyroid.

Reticulum cell sarcoma of the bone
A cancerous tumor of the bone marrow presenting in more males than females.

Leukaemia
Cancer of the blood, which starts in the bone marrow

Symptoms of bore cancer
Symptoms tend to develop slowly and depend on the type, location, and size of the tumor. The signs and symptoms of bone carcinoma include: painful bones and joints, swelling of bones and joints, problems with movement, susceptibility to fractures. Less common symptoms include: unexplained weight loss, tiredness, fever and sweating.

Remember this conditionr is very rare so if you have any of these symptoms it is likely to be caused by another condition. Always see your doctor if you have for a diagnosis.

Causes
Although bone cancer does not have a clearly defined cause, researchers have identified several factors that increase the likelihood of developing these tumors. A small number of bone cancers are due to heredity.

Diagnosis
Bone cancer can present itself in any of the bones of the body, but it is diagnosed most often in the long bones of the arms and legs.

Diagnosing bone cancer involves a number of tests, including: X-rays and bone scans to show the exact location and size of the cancer (these are always done prior to biopsy), bone biopsy where a small sample of the cancer is removed from the bone and examined in the laboratory for the presence of malignant cells, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan similar to a CT scan but uses magnetism instead of x-rays to build three-dimensional pictures of your body.

Treatment
The treatment and prognosis depends upon multiple factors including the type and extent of the cancer, the patient’s age and overall health status. Tumors may be treated with surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these.

Primary bone cancers:
The tumor, surrounding bone tissue and nearby lymph nodes are surgically removed. In severe cases, the affected limb may need to be amputated, but this is rare. Treatment may also include radiotherapy (x-rays to target and kill the cancer cells) and chemotherapy (anti-cancer drugs). These may be given before surgery, to shrink the cancer and/or afterward to destroy any remaining cancer cells.

Secondary bone cancer:
Treatment depends on the treatment for the original tumor, but usually includes chemotherapy, radiotherapy or hormone therapy. Surgery may be needed to strengthen the affected bone.

Prognosis
Overall, the chance of recovery (prognosis) for bone cancers has improved significantly since the development of modern chemotherapy. The chance of recovery will depend on a variety of influences; if the cancer has spread, the type of cancer, the size of the tumour, location, the person’s general health and other individual factors.

If the tumor is very small and localized, the five-year survival rate is close to 90 percent. If the cancer has begun to spread, however, survival becomes more difficult. The five-year survival rate is only about 60 percent, and the prognosis is poor once the cancer spreads.

Bone cancer in cats and dogs
Bone carcinoma in dogs and cats can be a challenging disorder. Osteosarcoma is by far the most common bone tumour if dogs, usually striking the leg bones of larger breeds. Chemotherapy significantly prolongs the survival of animals with osteosarcoma when used in conjunction with surgery. For dogs Cisplatin alone or in combination with doxorubicin markedly improves survival time to a median of 8-10 months with the percentage of dogs alive after11 months at 50%.

Feline Osteosarcoma unlike its canine counterpart it has a much lower rate of metastasis and longer term survival can be expected with complete excision. Median survival for cats with osteosarcoma is approximately 2 years with many cats outreaching that.

The Structures that form the human frame are collectively known as the neuromusculoskeletal system. This is the largest system in the body, using the most energy and producing the most waste.

The bones that make up the human frame meet at the joints, which are linked together by ligaments and are moved by muscles. The joints are lubricated by the synovial fluid and the membranes that line them. Cartilage cushions them from impact. The muscles are attached to the bones by tendons, and the fabric of the body is held together by “connective tissues” or “fascias,” forming a continuous sheath covering the muscles and organs throughout the entire body.

Arteries run throughout the body, and through the blood they supply nourishment to the neuromusculoskeletal system. The waste products are washed away by the venous and lymphatic channels (the lymphatic system runs parallel to the circulatory system). All activities and functions are governed by the nerves connecting the joints to the spinal cord and brain.

What can go wrong?

The internal systems of the body are there to serve the needs of the body framework: that is, to nourish, repair, maintain, and organize it. When all the systems are working together in harmony, automatically adapting to the constantly changing needs, the body is healthy. When these break down ill-health or “disease” sets in.

The body framework is the system in the body responsible for most aches and pains, as well as stiffness and restricted mobility. There may be injuries to bones, strains and cramps in muscle, stiffness and general wear and tear on joints. It can be affected greatly by internal ill-health, and when the framework itself becomes dysfunctional, it can alter the health of the internal organs and the whole body system.

Pain in the body framework may be due to many causes. Organic pathologies such as secondary cancer, prostate cancer, infections, gynecological, and kidney problems, among others, must first be eliminated before treatment is undergone.

It must be stressed that although the treatments described will deal with the presenting complaint, alternative medicine does not work on a symptomatic “formula” basis. There are invariably underlying factors to the presenting symptoms that must be addressed to enable full recovery. Professional advice must be sought for a correct diagnosis and overall constitutional treatment, which will always be individually tailored.